Basserge, a surveyor appointed by the Sewage Treatment Committee, designed the London sewage treatment plan. After months of research, Basserge proposed a plan to use the tides of the Thames River to discharge sewage from intentionally built slopes into the estuary of the Thames River. This plan is very genius. When the Thames River is low, all the sewage will be taken away. However, the committee members have reason to suspect that if the sewage is not properly controlled and the sewage is poured back into the Thames River, it would be miserable.

As the chairman of the committee, Downing decided to promote the development of science and technology again, propose a sewage treatment plan, use biofilms to purify the sewage, and the purification plant is built in the eastern suburbs of London, at the midpoint of Basserge's line. It also said that the sewage purified by biofilms can hardly see the difference between the clean river water with eyes, so that the risk of sewage backflow can be minimized. The committee members do not believe that there is such a good thing and promise to give Downing some time to develop his biofilm.

The biofilm method is an aerobic biological method for treating sewage. It is characterized by the fact that microorganisms adhere to the surface of the filter material used as a medium and grow into a membrane composed of microorganisms. After the sewage comes into contact with it, the soluble organic pollutants in it are adsorbed by the biofilm and then oxidized and decomposed, converted into H2O, CO2, NH3 and microbial cytoplasm, so the sewage is purified. The biofilm method usually does not require aeration, and the oxygen required by the microorganism comes directly from the atmosphere.

In general, the process is as follows: sewage is collected through the municipal pipeline network and entered the treatment plant. The larger solids, such as silt, paper, etc. are filtered by the partition, and then the first-level sedimentation tank is entered. The sewage stays in the pre-settlement tank for several hours. After the solid pollutants settle, it enters the secondary biochemical treatment reaction tank. The reaction tank is an aerobic aeration tank. A large amount of air is introduced into the aeration tank to promote the growth of aerobic bacteria. The bacteria feed on organic pollutants in the water, and after a large increase, it forms a sludge-like suspension. At this time, the sewage is introduced into the second-level sedimentation tank to settle the sludge mainly of bacteria and other microorganisms. The treated sewage can be similar to clean water in visual and olfactory sense.

What Tang Ning had to do was to show this process with his favorite small model. This time, many processes had to wear masks. Oh, I didn’t expect that it would be difficult to do such dirty work, civil servants’ work!

Finally, he is about to enter the microbial world. The core of this technology is to use culture vessels to screen out the most suitable aerobic microorganisms. Tangning changed a small library into a microbial laboratory. At this time, the low-power wind turbine was able to illuminate the entire manor, and even street lights were available, so the thief didn't dare to come.

In Downing's sewage treatment committee, two people opposed the planning of underground cables, heating and gas pipelines when building sewers, because this would increase considerable expenses. Downing brought them to his home to see these lights, spoiling the future, saying: "In the future, every household will use such lights, and the people of London will no longer be troubled by fires, and the use of electricity will be more."

Opposition No. 1: "So isn't it the same for cables to be built on the ground? They are much cheaper, and I don't know when they can use so many pipes. I think it's better not to waste special sewer funds."

Tangning: "It's like when I was building a railway. Is it better to dig a tunnel or go around? On the surface, it seems that it is more cost-effective to go around, but this will slow down the railway, waste passengers' time, and permanently waste. Underground cables are more durable and safer, and do not affect the city's landscape. It is more cost-effective in the long run. London is the center of the world, and we have to set an example for the younger brothers. The use of electricity will develop very rapidly. You see, Mr. Faraday is doing research and development for power companies full-time, and this is not far away."

The two opposition parties actually respected the first philanthropist in history, and Tang Ning invited them home so seriously to see the future electric lights, and they finally had nothing to say.

They were also the first person to see a small model of the sewage treatment plant. They were amazed at the magical ability of microorganisms. The dirty sewage was cleaned up effortlessly, giving them full confidence in Tangning's sewage treatment plant.

Downing said: "Let's start digging sewers around the Thames River and greatly improve this open sewer as quickly as possible. Now the air is not circulating in winter, and the stench of the Thames River can be smelled in the Capitol."

A few days later, with the approval of all committee members, the sewer project with a huge budget of up to £3 million was underway!

At this time, another plan to manage the environment gradually took shape in Tangning's mind - a means of transportation. The best private means of transportation at that time was a carriage. It was not only expensive and difficult to maintain, but also had to hire a carriageman, which polluted the environment because of horse manure. Tangning hated the industrial products that pollute the environment the most. He was not going to invent internal combustion engines according to the laws of technological development. It was a backward technology. Its exhaust gas was unpleasant and toxic, and what was not cured was the noise caused by four-strokes. Tangning was preparing to directly invent the fuel cell engine in the era of green energy.

Fuel cells use hydrogen or hydrocarbon fuels (mainly natural gas mainly methane) to react with oxygen in the air to generate electricity. Therefore, fuel cells are more like small power plants and limit the energy they carry as much as internal combustion engines - the size of the fuel tank.

The principle of an internal combustion engine is to convert the chemical energy contained in gasoline and diesel into thermal energy, and then convert it into mechanical energy through a classic four-stroke. Since a large amount of energy in the process is wasted in the form of thermal energy, the energy conversion efficiency is not high, 10-50%. The fuel cell is converted from hydrogen or natural gas, coal gas into electrical energy, and then from electrical energy to mechanical energy. The conversion efficiency of electrical energy to machinery is very high. As long as the motor conversion efficiency exceeds 200 watts can easily reach 99%, so that the conversion efficiency of fuel cells can be as high as 85%.

What makes fuel cell technology better than batteries is that it has a higher energy density. Battery vehicles will be troubled by this problem for a long time. If a set of fuel cells of the same weight can run 600 kilometers, the battery can only run 60 kilometers, which is a huge gap. As the power increases, the battery will be even more incompetent.

The problem with fuel cells is that they are not intuitive, costly, and difficult to maintain. However, when internal combustion engines were not popular, the emergence of the emergence of Tangning under the operation of the operation may partially solve these two major problems. In the history of scientific and technological development, some people have proposed the theory of hydroxide fuel cells as a hydroxide fuel cell as the anode reaction catalyst. The use of platinum powder as an anode reaction catalyst was a reason why this technology was not widely used for a long time, because platinum, also known as platinum, is a precious metal. Tangning's important method is to use almost 100% recycling to reduce the cost of precious metals.

Using carbon-containing fuel can easily cause carbon accumulation and maintenance costs, but if you use liquid methanol, it will be very convenient to transport and store. Hydrogen is the lightest element in the universe. Even the most closed container will disappear after being stored for a long time. Its advantage is that it is the cleanest and the equipment is not prone to chemical erosion.

Tangning is planning to take the best of both, using methanol as the carrier for transportation and storage. In the future, the main products of the refinery will no longer be gasoline or diesel, but methanol. Use fuel restructuring to turn methanol into hydrogen at the hydrogen refueling station. The more complex the hydrocarbon cracking, the higher the temperature required. Methanol restructuring requires 300 degrees Celsius, and gasoline is as high as 800 degrees. High temperature means that cooling fans are needed, and noise will appear. Therefore, Tangning does not want each car to have its own fuel restructuring equipment. At most, long-distance buses and trucks are equipped, and long-distance electric trains and ships are equipped, so urban cars are not necessary.

Fuel cells are a complex technology. The real practicality is to be applied until Apollo lands on the moon to solve the problems of electricity and water. During World War II, German submarines used to avoid sonar to control noise. It involves disciplines such as chemical thermodynamics, electrochemistry, electrocatalysis, materials science, power systems and automatic control, which is quite conducive to Downing's company's long-term monopoly of the market. When he no longer monopolizes, I am afraid that the world is already the world of fuel cell engines. The earth of internal combustion engines with roaring engines may never appear again. This is a great and bold contribution made by Downing to build a beautiful home for mankind.
Chapter completed!